[破報] 奪回你的發言權和政治權力！記2013台北同志遊行

2013-11-01 17:23 復刊785期
曾芷筠 — Fri, 2013-11-01 17:23

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文／曾芷筠
攝／曾芷筠、吳芷麟

今年同志遊行開始前便討論吵架不斷，從「同性戀」（被理解為看不見雙性戀、跨性別等族群，主辦單位台灣同志遊行聯盟又解釋這是為了回顧檢討十一年來的遊行是否為同志處境帶來改變）、「性難民」（被直接連結與BDSM、用藥ES者，聯盟又正名所謂性難民是指所有因性傾向、性身分而受壓迫者，也不限於同志族群）等詞彙的使用，到部分同志的斥責切割。作為公共平台，聯盟內部大概也有很多一時之間說不清楚的各種不同意見，所以沒人敢代表聯盟說出自己的立場，然而曾經擔任同志遊行幹部、也是反核運動要角的朋友阿端，在遊行前夕直面中產階級乾淨漂亮有錢同志，怒吼「這個遊行本來就不是要服務你們」！！！（因為說得太好了必須一氣呵成所以節錄如下：「這個遊行本來就是為了服務娘娘腔、那些胖到被你們講成豬的、醜的、那些跨性別、變裝皇后、最硬的鐵Ｔ、那些性工作者、身障、精障、那些戀物喜歡BDSM的、那些口袋裡面每天只有五十塊的青少年、被霸凌天天都在想自殺的小gay小拉、那些感染者、那些偏鄉或部落的、那些被稱為毒蟲的用藥者。……拜託用用大腦，你不嗑藥不搞BDSM，有人說你錯了嗎？這種「不想跟誰在一起，怕被以為同志都這樣」、「哎額他們為什麼一定要來亂」根本就是一種斯德哥爾摩症狀，你有看過哪個異性戀在那邊撇清「不想跟用藥異性戀在一起，免得大家都以為異性戀是嗑藥」的嗎？難道不就是因為這個社會上還存在大量這種心態這種偏見，而且這種偏見具有真實的危險、暴力、排擠和壓迫，所以才逼死那麼多同志、所以我們現在才會在這邊遊行嗎？到底真正不應該站一起的東西是什麼，不是他媽的很明顯嗎？」）總召梅子與我私下聊天時則提到，雖然他這次不是正式工作人員，純粹是來幫忙的志工，但他的發言的確談到舉辦遊行活動的辛苦以及舉辦同志遊行的初衷。

大一點的是關於婚姻家庭的論辯，同志婚姻的想像是否強化了國家對於情慾、財產、身體的控管，是否延續了新自由主義鞏固私有制同時排除更邊緣的弱勢群體。吵架討論都是好事，至少在婚姻平權法案送入立法院並一讀通過的同時，每位社群內外的人都往政治化更邁進一步，重新思考你將採取何種立場，做出何種選擇與行動。或許我期待的是更政治化的可能性，而非一年一度的、去政治化的嘉年華會。若重新回顧同志遊行十一年來的遊行主題，會發現從過去「愛很大」、「向前行」、「驕傲」等陽光正面卻空洞的標語，至少近年又企圖與政治社會發生更多關係。抱著這樣的期待，卻意外發現今年遊行人數不如往年多，主辦單位號稱六萬人，但到了晚會時刻現場人數根本不滿萬人，參與者男性比例似乎也遠多於女性。想到過去中央大學性/別研究室的何春蕤老師總是帶著自製的警察釣魚、反對兒少法之類直接針對性污名與法律的標語現身，今年她沒出現，卻讓我格外想念。

面對同志運動逐漸以婚姻平權作為最主要的目標，許多朋友有不少擔憂，日日春的君竺在晚會上發言指出，「許多同志因為急切的想爭取婚家權，而開始和性污名切割，甚至不惜以踢掉不合主流標準的性難民為代價。」她回憶第一屆同志遊行時，娼妓與同性戀可以共享污名，因為不想被家人看到參加遊行才以日日春作為掩護，因而可以走在一起。而十一年過後，同志遊行人數雖然屢屢創下新高看似壯大，然而卻愈漸朝向能夠被主流中產階級社會接受、乾淨正面的形象，這樣一來，即使婚姻平權了，其後果只是讓部分同志晉升上流，而更加排除了邊緣與污名。而買不起房子、無法養家生小孩、勞保年金快破產沒錢養老等更大的社會不公結構，在階級問題毫無改善的情況下，結婚成家的門檻只是愈來愈高。真正的問題不只是能否成家，而在於必須挑戰藍綠共謀、資源分配嚴重不均的政治結構。

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持同樣意見的則有從人民老大、工人運動、藝術文字工作者等背景中長出來的貧窮同志參政團。在今年九月初伴侶盟於凱道上舉辦伴桌活動後，貧同團也舉辦了「上不了桌」論壇，集結了許多對婚家持不同意見者的聲音。突顯又窮又忙、高學歷卻接案維生、居住於台北市外的邊陲地區（如中永和）的年輕人處境，是為了將自己成家的可能性放在更大的脈絡下思考，貧同團提出另一種主張：「我們認為想要根本解決，同志在台灣社會所經驗的困難，只有翻轉被政客決定的權力位置，集體參選，扛起我們成不了家的各種汙名，直接戰鬥，自己去奪回政治決策的權力。」年輕同志的災難不只是性，還包括經濟、政治、生活，面對高房價、勞保年金危機、照護體系商業化，貧同團認為應該爭取不結婚，也能夠有房住、有砲打、有人照顧的權利才對，拒絕國家將重擔壓到每個家庭身上，鰥寡孤獨的性難民才能生存。找尋基地、參與更多政治討論、等待時機成熟時參選是接下來的目標，而在資源爭奪戰裡奪回權力，當自己的政治主人才有可能改變不公義的政治結構。（雖然我相當困惑，如果你早就不信任現有的政治體制、知道政治人物會為了選票算計任意擺弄，要怎麼以參選為手段跳下去硬幹？而明明知道參選的門檻很高（比起結婚可能門檻更高），結果往往只是變成砲灰，要累積多少的量變才能造成質變？）

相較於預料中的政治化，今年人數不如預期的同志現身仍沉浸在歡樂平和的氣氛中，然對於各種不同的意見，晚會現場的聽眾亦認真傾聽。我亦開始認真思考，如果我同樣很貧窮、每個月領少少的薪水、擔心以後養不起小孩照顧不好家人老了沒有退休金沒人照顧，但身為異性戀我卻可以結婚（不論是與愛人終生廝守還是為了錢嫁個金龜婿還是沒人要草草賣掉還是為了各種點點點的理由），同志卻不行，這當然一點都不公平。如果戰鬥的對象是國家、是資本家、是現代婚姻所內含的保守想像，敵人在那裡，共同去戰鬥是所有人、所有不分男女異性戀同性戀必須面對的問題，為什麼同志沒有異性戀所擁有的權利，如果台灣成為第一個通過同性婚姻法案的亞洲國家，一定會有很多人都想要移民到台灣或跑來台灣結婚，這樣不同種族文化語言性別的家庭都可以在台灣發生，擋都擋不住，應該會是一件很棒的事吧。
歷屆同志遊行主題

2003年 看見同性戀
2004年 喚起公民意識：異議公民、彩虹城市、花樣主體、同治國家
2005年 同心協力101
2006年 一同去家遊
2007年 彩虹有夠力
2008年 驕傲向前行
2009年 同志愛很大
2010年 投同志政策一票
2011年 彩虹征戰，歧視滾蛋
2012年 革命婚姻：婚姻平權，伴侶多元
2013年 看見同性戀2.0：正視性難民，鬥陣來相挺

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去年在香港同志遊行上出櫃的藝人何韻詩今年來台表演，支持愛不分性別外也用行動、歌曲帶動現場氣氛，她用髮膠把短髮全部往後梳，黑色長褲和皮背心，不是一身勁裝四個字可以形容的。抒情慢歌後再來一首快歌，直說在台北市政府正對面唱歌讓她很感動，並對台下頻頻揮手、耍帥、散發性別不明費洛蒙，想必不只拉子粉絲大家應該都暈了吧。何韻詩上台時記者正在跟韓國來的同運團體拉子朋友們聊天，何韻詩一上台，她們紛紛好奇問我：她是誰呀？她好好看喔！我回答：她是一位香港歌手和演員，演過《奪命金》演技很好，去年才剛出櫃……。韓國友人：哦哦哦哦（眼睛已經變成愛心而且忘了她正在向我介紹韓國同運現況）。另一位同志名人黃耀明則在台上感性告白台北新公園、白先勇小說《孽子》對他而言多麼意義非凡，而今終於能走在光天下日之下。今年初，黃耀明與何韻詩協同多位演藝界人士創立「大愛同盟」推動同志平權，希望港台能夠攜手共同奮鬥。

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今年遊行副標題定調為「正視性難民，鬥陣來相挺」。主辦單位解釋，性難民一詞指稱所有因性傾向、性身份而必須在家庭、交友、工作、政治等生活領域而隱藏自己或遭受差別待遇，甚至被驅逐的受難者。同時也把這個辭彙提升到不符合一夫一妻、一生一世這種社會規範的異性戀者，並邀請身障者、「殘酷兒/手天使成員」Vincent上台，他戴著彩色假髮、流利地操作著電動車上台，如實展現自己身為身障者、情慾卻不被主流社會接受承認的處境，他激動地大吼：肢殘慾不殘！並歌頌為身障者服務的手天使「手護你的性福」。然而使用「難民」一詞，在大聲疾呼被主流社會看見的同時，難道意味著這群人是需要被拯救的嗎？對於我的疑問，聯盟總召梅子解釋，當初使用難民一詞確實沒有考量到國際上許多對難民的稱呼，通常是指涉在邊界上顛沛流離，需要被拯救、受庇護的難民，但例如達賴喇嘛、王丹等被國家驅逐的難民，也不是可憐兮兮的人，而能夠在其他地方有自己的力量和貢獻。她解釋，台灣所謂的性難民儘管不完全是可憐兮兮，但確實有很多人因為被歧視、霸凌而自殺、被退學、甚至被殺害，即被剝奪生存權和工作權。她希望因性而受難、被壓迫的人們如果還有力量，應該努力改變社會主流價值，不論是連署、推動法案、參與社會運動，「總之做一點事。」

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本屆遊行中也不乏身材精壯皎好的男同志妖嬈扮裝、驕傲裸露，水男孩今年雖不如往年聲勢浩大，但隊伍中的壯男、美男、妖嬈阿姨、熊族、娘娘腔小弟等以男同志為主的社群仍是焦點。或許一年中也只有這一天，他們可以開心扮裝大膽表現，聯盟總召梅子說，其實往年在同志遊行結束後一直都有社群內部較保守同志的批評聲浪，認為同志不應裸露，以免破壞同志形象，造成主流社會觀感不好，認為同性戀都是一些變態妖怪。今年遊行前夕的討論只是讓這些過去在遊行後沒有力氣處理的論戰提早開打。如果同志要符合主流社會的想像才能被接受那還真是太奇怪了，正是這些樣態各異（中產異性戀當然也有很多奇奇怪怪的情慾和關係樣貌）的身體、情慾形塑了同志形象的多元和前衛。此外，隊伍中還有許多穿上傳統服飾的泰國同志、原住民同志，年紀多半都很幼小，面對記者連珠砲串的問題有點害羞閃閃躲躲，大概覺得這位太太怪怪的。

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老實說看到T在眾人面前露奶還真的蠻感動的，或許她們從小就以自己上半身的生理性徵為恥、一直必須穿衣服綁胸部遮遮掩掩，卻願意在舞台上為了裸露的權利以自己的身體挑戰，讓我想按好幾個讚。遊行當天，性別不明關懷協會成員在晚會上裸露上半身並飾以彩繪，抗議男性為何可以任意裸露上半身而女人則不，手中從頭到尾高舉標語捍衛跨性別者、陰陽人的身體與認同自主權，反對強制執行手術、或由家人代替本人決定性別，認為強制手術是違反人權和國際公約的行為。此行動在事後遭警方警告妨害風化，難道當天遊行中其他各式裸露、繩縛、生理男性奶頭都沒事（足見台北市多麼開放！）而只有女人裸露上半身不行？如果未來遊行希望哪對來組一個生理女性上空隊伍那就太好了。

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全國關廠工人連線最近在各個場合抗議，也不忘相挺同志遊行。東菱自救會陳滿屏、台灣國際勞工協會陳秀蓮帶領十餘位關廠工人上台，再一次訴說十六年來的故事。

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同志運動中近年對於是否該支持婚姻平權、多人家庭、伴侶制度等草案有不同的意見和辯論。貧窮同志參政團的代表陳韋臻、邱皓庭，主張即使通過婚姻平權草案，同志有了結婚的權利，仍然必須面對貧窮問題、勞保年金危機、以及伴隨性污名、性身份而來的各種壓迫，婚姻資格可能不穩固。她們認為，要改變更大的社會政治結構，應該要不分同性異性戀，一起參政奪回政治權力，由下而上、取而代之，並喊出「打房打砲打群架，成不了家更要幹！」的口號。

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今年以印滿紅橙黃綠藍紫共六種顏色手印的布條，上面分別寫著「反對性壓迫」、「拒絕歧視」 、「譴責霸凌」 、「還我基本人權」 、「還我公民權」 、 「我要多元成家」的標語，組成今年的彩虹地景。

在〈[破報] 奪回你的發言權和政治權力！記2013台北同志遊行〉中有 3,877 則留言

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